The Impact of Pesticides on Occupational Health in Floriculture: Challenges in Ecuador and Argentina

Abstract

In the last decade, the Ecuadorian government promoted policies to improve occupational health and safety, although their application was not uniform, especially in floriculture, a key sector of the economy. Similar situations were observed in Argentina, where floriculture and horticulture activities in Buenos Aires were marked by the intensive use of phytosanitary products and occupational health risks.
In Ecuador, workers exposed to pesticides faced chronic diseases and neurological damage, such as memory problems and fatigue. Argentine studies highlighted significant risks during the handling of these products, especially in the preparation stage, where high Potential Dermal Exposure was recorded. Both countries used quantitative methodologies to assess the impact of pesticides; in Ecuador, the REBA method was used to analyze ergonomic risks, while in Argentina the accumulation of pesticides in agricultural materials was investigated.
Lack of implementation of preventive measures and limited use of personal protective equipment were common factors. In Ecuador, 69% of workers reported symptoms such as burning eyes, while in Argentina pesticide residues were found on the workers' bodies. In addition, prolonged exposure affected the immune and respiratory systems, generating diseases such as dermatitis and asthma.
In conclusion, both countries faced challenges in guaranteeing occupational health in floriculture, showing the need for stricter regulations, training and safe practices